By David Gallup
How can nuclear weapons states, like the United States of
America, legitimately demand that other states, like North Korea, cease their
research and production of nuclear weapons, when they themselves continue to
maintain and upgrade their own arsenals?
Developing, producing and maintaining nuclear weapons are
war crimes and crimes against the peace that could lead to the ultimate crime
against humanity, omnicide -- the elimination of humanity and the extinction of
most life on the planet.
Nuclear weapons development, production and maintenance
violate both humanitarian law and human rights law. See the appendix below
regarding how nuclear weapons violate the laws of war and the laws of peace.
Despite the international law against nuclear weapons and
war, nation-states with nuclear weapons do not want to divest themselves of
their nuclear arsenals. The nation-states’ highest court, the International
Court of Justice, ruled in 1996 that the threat or use of nuclear weapons is illegal,
with the exception of use for self-defense – a loophole that allows governments
to maintain the nuclear option. North Korea could claim that its nuclear
testing and arms development is for its own protection. What country doesn’t
invoke self-defense, national security, or national sovereignty as a basis for its
aggression?
Humanity finds itself in this quandary because of the
nation-state principle of national sovereignty.
We must now turn to a new principle of sovereignty, if we
are to transcend the control of nuclear weapons countries who make the false case
that their best interests are aligned with the best interests of humanity and
the earth.
The Supreme Leader of North Korea thinks he can win a
nuclear war. So does the Commander-in-Chief of the United States. These
national “leaders” are not rational actors. But neither are the other nuclear
weapons heads of state.
These heads of state have no legitimate intention to
dismantle all nuclear weaponry, nor to stop aggression generally. National
governments want these tools of destruction at their disposal, even arguing
that their existence prevents their use. What sane leader would start a nuclear
war knowing that global annihilation could occur? Mutually assured destruction does
not prevent national leaders from acting irrationally.
Nuclear weapons and nuclear war are not the only nuclear
concern. Continued use of nuclear energy is poisoning the planet. The uranium
and plutonium used by nuclear power plants has already led to environmental
degradation in Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima. Enriched plutonium
from power plants continues to be made into nuclear weapons. Whether this
material is in the hands of national governments, insurgents, or terrorists,
its existence threatens our survival.
Outlawing nuclear war, nuclear weapons and nuclear power
will begin to remove the threat. To solidify humanity’s future, we need to
create global institutions of law and engender a global pride in being citizens
of the world. We need to establish a consciousness of humanity and the earth as
precious, to be protected.
Before the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, under
the “old world order” rulers or governments had no compunction about waging war
for unabashed self-interest. They considered it an acceptable tool of
state-craft. After World War I, the League of Nations and the Kellogg-Briand
Pact attempted to make war illegal. In particular after World War II, under the
“new world order,” governments became reluctant to wage wars of conquest,
couching most wars as defensive protection rather than for offensive gain. (See
The Internationalists by Oona
Hathaway and Scott Shapiro.)
The UN Charter attempted to establish the conditions in
which member-states may use armed force, in particular for self-defense and common
defense. Article 2(4) of the Charter states, “All Members shall refrain in
their international relations from the threat or use of force against the
territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other
manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.” Because the
Charter maintains national sovereignty as sacrosanct, however, warfare within a
state (non-international) remains unchecked.
Both the old world order and the new world order are
disorder. Continued lack of unity of the human race under one citizenship
perpetuates chaos and is the breeding ground of war. A legitimate world order
will arise with a global rule of law that world citizens create through
democratic, non-hierarchical and participatory world institutions of law.
Sanity in governance requires higher level sovereignty with human
and whole earth thinking. Sanity requires human government -- world citizens’
government. A future for humanity requires sanity, sincerity, and human-level
sovereignty.
As sane and rational actors, we need to engage our idealism
to deal with the realistic threat of nuclear weapons. We need realism to be
tempered by idealism. We need to become real-dealists. Only if we implement our
idealistic goals of a governed, and nuclear-free, world, will we be able to
realistically survive as a species. It’s in our best interest to move beyond
our self-interest. We must transcend the paradigm of nationalism to create a
world that works for everyone. World citizenship can lead us to achieve an
honest, holistic, and worldly consciousness.
One immediate step that each of us as world citizens can take
is to sign the petition supporting the ratification of the “Treaty on the
Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.” To sign the petition online, click here https://actionnetwork.org/petitions/support-the-nuclear-weapons-ban-treaty?source=direct_link
and to sign a handwritten petition, click here http://prop1.org/wilpf/2017/Petition.ban.treaty.pdf.
I have already signed the petition. Will you?
Appendix:
The threat or use of
nuclear weapons violates the principles of international humanitarian law.
War crime:
The Geneva Conventions, the Nuremberg Principles, and the
Statute of the International Criminal Court maintain the premise that war is
supposed to be limited, affect civilians minimally, and be winnable in a short
time frame. Fallout from a nuclear war cannot be limited. Many people, not just
military combatants, will die. No one can win a nuclear war.
Crime against the peace:
The threat of using nuclear weapons not only destabilizes
the regions where the threat is focused, but also the progression of humanity
towards the global rule of law and the consequent peaceful world. Article 20 of
the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) confirms that
any propaganda for war shall be prohibited by law; yet heads of state dangle
the nuclear option like a plaything.
Crime against humanity:
Even a limited nuclear incident could cause immediate,
dramatic devastation and long-term habitability concerns for the entire earth.
Nuclear war would be genocide of humanity.
According to
customary international law and international treaty law, national governments
must not commit acts that violate human rights.
Article 30 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR) states, “Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for
any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform
any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth
herein.”
Article 5 (1) of the ICCPR states, “Nothing in the present
Covenant may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any
right to engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of
any of the rights and freedoms recognized herein or at their limitation to a
greater extent than is provided for in the present Covenant.”
Continued development
of nuclear weapons violates our human rights, in particular our right to live
and our right to a world order that allows for the full and free exercise of
all our innate and unalienable rights.
Right to live:
Article 3 of the UDHR states, “Everyone has the right to
life, liberty and security of person.”
Article 6 of the ICCPR states, “Every human being has the
inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be
arbitrarily deprived of his life.”
World order:
Article 28 of the UDHR states, “Everyone is entitled to a
social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in
this Declaration can be fully realized.”
The preamble of the ICCPR states, “The States Parties to the
present Covenant, Considering that, in accordance with the principles
proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent
dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human
family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world; Recognizing
that these rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person; Recognizing
that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal
of free human beings enjoying civil and political freedom and freedom from fear
and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may
enjoy his civil and political rights, as well as his economic, social and cultural
rights; Considering the obligation of States under the Charter of the United
Nations to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and
freedoms” agree to uphold human rights.
